Aluminium magnesium boride - Wikipedia

Aluminium magnesium boride (AlMgB14), also known as BAM, is a chemical compound ofaluminium, magnesium and boron, and is a ceramic alloy that is highly resistive to wear with a low coefficient of sliding friction. First reported in 1970, it has an orthorhombic structure with four icosahedral B12 units per unit cell. [1] This ultra-hard material is also characterized by its high hardness and coefficient of thermal expansion comparable to other widely used materials. BAM alone is among the hardest non-diamond materials. However, the addition of titanium diboride (TiB2) produces one of the hardest known bulk materials with microhardness values ranging from 35-45 GPa.

Applications

BAM is commercially available from Newtech Ceramics. Research on BAM properties and potential uses is ongoing at Ames Laboratory, and several applications have been proposed for the material. For example, pistons, seals, and blades on pumps could be coated with BAM or BAM + TiB2 to reduce friction between parts and to increase wear resistance. The reduction in friction would reduce energy use. BAM could also be coated onto cutting tools. The reduced friction would lessen the force necessary to cut an object, extend tool life, and possibly permit increased cutting speeds. Coatings only 2-3 micrometres thick have been found to improve efficiency and reduce wear in cutting tools.[4]